Between Winds and Clouds

The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE)

Bin Yang

 

Table 7.2 Official Terms for the Yunnan Indigenes in the Ming Period

Based on Ming Shi, juan 313-315; Quanguorenmindaibiaodahui Minzushiweiyuanhui Yunnanmingzu Diaochazu and Yunnansheng Shaoshuminzu Shehuilishi Yanjiusuo, eds., Mingshilu Youguan Yunnan Lishi Ziliao Zhaichao (Selected sources on Yunnan from veritable records of the Ming court) (Kunming: Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe, 1959).

Table 7.2 Official Terms for the Yunnan Indigenes in the Ming Period

General Terms	man (barbarians) yi (barbarians) manyi (barbarians) zhuman (barbarians of all kinds) zhuyi (barbarians of all kinds)
Native Chieftains	tusi (native chieftains) tuguan (native officials) tumu (native headmen) tushe (native headmen) tuqiu (native chief) tuguansheren (native officials/headmen)
Indigenous Masses	manmin (barbarian people, barbarian subjects) manren (barbarian humans) renmin (people, subjects) Miaomin (Miao people; Miao subjects, referring to all ethnic peoples)
Indigenous Forces	manbing (barbarian soldiers) tubing (native soldiers, indigenous soldiers) manbian (barbarian soldiers)
Indigenous Rebels	zei (rebel) dao (rebel) panmu (rebel chief) zeishou (rebel head) mandang (barbarian group) tuzei (native rebel) panman (rebel barbarians)