Table 6.2 Exchange Rate between Cowries and Silver
Abridged from "Exchange rate between cowry and other types of money, Yunnan, 1280–1647," in Hans Ulrich Vogel, "Cowry Trade and Its Role in the Economy of Yunnan: From the Ninth to the Mid-Seventeenth Century (Part II)," Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient vol. 36, no. 4 (1993), 338-39.
| Year | Standardization of Original Data to Cowries / Taels |
| Circa 1280 | 600 |
| 1282 | 2,000 (Kunming); 2,667 (Dali); 3,200 (Yongchang) |
| Circa 1368 | 8,000 |
| 1524 | 7,200 |
| 1540 | 4,405 |
| 1548 | 7,200 |
| 1591 | 7,547 |
| 1610 | 10,400 |
| 1615 | 13,600 |
| 1623 | 8,000 |
| Circa 1625 | 13,339 |
| After 1626 | 28,000 |
| Toward 1644 | 24,000–40,000 |
| 1647 | 56,000 |