“I Saw a Nightmare…”
Doing Violence to Memory: The Soweto Uprising, June 16, 1976
by Helena Pohlandt-McCormick

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Police statement (13 July 1976) by W. J. Matthee. Source SAB K345 Vol. 85/86
Police statement (25 July 1976) by K. J. D. Matthee. Source SAB K345 Vol. 85/86
Police statement (29 June 1976) by Johannes Augustinus Kleingeld. Source SAB K345 Vol. 85/86
Police statement (1 July 1976) by Bantoesersant (Bantu sergeant) G. S. Hlungwane. Source SAB K345 Vol. 85/86.
Police statement (6 July 1976) by Izak Johannes Engelbrecht. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (5 July 1976) by Petrus Abraham Fouche. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (16 July 1976) by Stephanus Johannes Gerber. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (undated) by Hendrik Jurgens Greyffenberg. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (25 June 1976) by Marthinus Johannes Hattingh. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (19 July 1976) by Daniel Stephanus Hening. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (23 June 1976) by Frederick P. R. Botha. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (23 June 1976) by C. F. J. Brand. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (13 July 1976) by Abraham Johannes Burger. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
List of weapons issued to police in Soweto (undated). SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (16 July 1976) by Louwrens Petrus Malan. SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (23 June 1976) by Levy Joseph Mabatle. SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (23 June 1976) by Martin Modikoe Mabena. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Statement (9 July 1976) by Elliot Mahasha. SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Statement (21 June 1976) by Ntsiye April Mahasha. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Second statement (28 June 1976) by Ntsiye April Mahasha. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Statement (2 April 1977) by Daniel Dennis Mahoney about Tsietsie Mashinini. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (undated) by Steward Makhoana. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (9 July 1976) by Thomas Phillipus Kriegler. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (9 July 1976) by Kala Simon Lekganyane. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (1 September 1976) by Schalk Wilhem Le Roux. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Statement by Frank Mamburu. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (undated) by Justice Mamiane, dog handler of the SAP. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (6 July 1976) by Phahlala Elias Manganye, dog handler of the SAP. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Statement (28 June 1976) by Rose Maphalala, 16 years old. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (undated) by Maxwell Danvey Maphophe. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (19 July 1976) by Mathys Johannes Maree. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (22 June 1976) by Joel Masopha. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Police statement (25 June 1976) by Kasparus Johannes Daniel Matthee. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Letter (29 May 1979) from Van Noordwyk to SAP/Soweto requesting information about the number of arrests during the uprising. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Letter (20 June 1979) from Schalk Jan Visser, SAP Security Police/Soweto, to the Cillié Commission in response to letter from 29 May 1979. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Statement (21 October 1975), by Irvin Mogomotsi Matlhape. Source: SAB K345, vols. 85-86
Letter (13 October 1971) by JL Boshoff to the Student Dean, Rector [Univ. of the North], page 2. Source: SAB K345, vol. 190, exhibit 82
Handwritten statement (23 October 1976) by Bafunani Joseph Mokoena (19), page 1. Source: SAB K345, vol. 190, exhibit 92
Typed statement (23 October 1976) by Bafunani Joseph Mokoena (19). Source: SAB K345, vol. 190, exhibit 92
Handwritten statement (23 October 1976) by Stephen Maila, schoolteacher (30). Source: SAB K345, vol. 190, exhibit 92
Typed statement (23 October 1976) by Stephen Maila, schoolteacher (30). Source: SAB K345, vol. 190, exhibit 92
Police statement (2-8 June 1976) by Capt. Salomon Jacobus Jacobs. Source: SAB K345, vol. 190
Police statement (8 August 1976) by Johannes Hendrik O'Callaghan. Source: SAB K345, vol. 190
Statement (6 November 1976) by Onica Mithi, handwritten. Source: SAB K345, vol. 190
Typed list of incidents and damages outside Soweto with reference to testimony Vol. 49/7213, evidence no. 131. Source: SAB K345, vol. 190
Evaton Map
Summary of autopsy reports by Professor Taljaard; note statistics about participants' ages and alcohol consumption, gunshot wounds etc. Source: SAB K345, vol. 190
Detailed of autopsy cases by Professor Taljaard; note statistics about participants' ages and alcohol consumption, gunshot wounds etc. Source: SAB K345, vol. 190
Flier: "Tsoga" [Mothers Awake], Tswana. Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Flier: "Mothers Awake," English version. Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Flier: "The Voice of Black People in South Africa." Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Flier: "The Voice of Black People in South Africa." Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Flier: "The Voice of Black People in South Africa." Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Flier: "To Town!" Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Flier: "Soweto Invaded!!!" Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Flier: "Azi Khwelwa" Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Flier: "Resa Boela" Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Autopsy documents: Lily Mithi. Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Autopsy documents: Hector Pieterson. Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Autopsy documents: Hermina Leroke. Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Autopsy documents: Amos Mokoena. Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Police statement (20 July 1976) by Stefanus Lerm. Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Police statement (4 August 1976) by Gert Slabbert. Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Police statement (16 August 1976) by Theunis Jacobus Swanepoel. Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Confidential police report (31 August 1976) about autopsies/deaths in Alexandra township, attention Maj. T. Baker, page 1. Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Confidential police report (31 August 1976) about autopsies/deaths in Alexandra township, attention Maj. T. Baker. Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Affidavit: Mokongo Daniel Thobejane (2 August 1976). Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Statement (16 August 1976) by Willem de Klerk with explanation of movement of bodies. Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Police statement (21 July 1976) by Khagoli Johannes Mothibe. Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Police statement (July 1976) by John Siebert Wild. Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Statement (undated) by Aubrey Dundubele Mokoena, while in police custody. Source: SAB K345, vol. 99
Statement (12 January 1977) by Mafison Morobe while in police custody. Source: SAB K345, Vol. 99
Statement (3 August 1976) by Rodney Paul Rammekoa while in police custody. Source: SAB K345, Vol. 99
Statement (12 August 1976) by Lucas Zwelinzima Sizani while in police custody. Source: SAB K345, Vol. 99
Statement (undated) by Reatile Kingdom Lolwane while in police custody. Source: SAB K345, Vol. 99
Death certificate: Melville Leonard Edelstein. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 409
Statement (25 March 1977) by Rudolph Everton Hobkirk about the death of M. L. Edelstein. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 409
SSRC Pamphlet, handwritten document, advocating strategy of non-violence. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 411
City of Johannesburg residential permit, for house #1590 (Melica Mthembu), date of issue 11 December 1973, Jabulani Township. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 411
The World newspaper, 8 June 1977. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 411
Article: "From the Smoke and Ashes Came the leaders" by Collin Nxumalo, The World newspaper, 8 June 1977. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 411
Brown evidence envelope: inventory of items confiscated by the police (17 August 1976) from Chief Twala. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 411
Trofomo Sono's exercise book
The World headlines, 17 August 1977: SSRC leader Sono calling upon Student(s)s to go back to school. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Mangaliso Mosiwa's exercise book: essay on Black Consciousness, Black power and Black theology. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Inventory of items confiscated by the police (17 June 1976) from Masabatha Loate. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter (20 May 1977) requesting permission to see Tsankie Lazarus Modiakgotla from family. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter (21 February 1977) from attorney to Mrs. Modiakgotla about Tsankie Lazarus Modiakgotla's detention. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter from the office of the Divisional Commander to the Modiakgotla's attorney concerning Tsankie Lazarus Modiakgotla. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Essay: "Not yet Uhuru." Signed by Oginga Odinga. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
List of names. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter to William Bokala from unidentified individual. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Essay: "Introductory Remarks on Education and an Outline of a Suggested Education Policy." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter from Seth Mazibuko to the Branch Secretary of SASM. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Hand-written text: "The History of SASM 1976-1979." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Motion by Allen Budeli. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter: Seth Mazibuko explaining course of action dictated by the detention of SASM leaders. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter (17 October 1977): Seth Mazibuko to Father Kearns requesting help in securing funds. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter (28 September 1977): Seth Mazibuko about detention of SASM leaders. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter: Seth Mazibuko about detention of SASM leaders. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Minutes of the Fourth General Students' Council meeting (4 July 1977). Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Speech Notes. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Speech Notes. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Speech Notes. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Poem: "The Incredible Hippo" by "The Sugar." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Essay: "Freedom as Seen by a Student." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Policy Statement. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Minutes of a meeting (4 June 1977): Zoutpansberg Students' Organization. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter from Seth Mazibuko to newspapers condemning Steve Biko's death. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Minutes of the Third General Students' Council Meeting (28 May 1976). Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Essay: "Education." Mazibuko's thoughts condemning the Bantu educational system. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter from Seth Mazibuko to newspapers condemning Steve Biko's death. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Resolution on Sports; part of minutes of the Third General Student Council Meeting (28 May 1976). Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
SASM Application to Anglo-American Corporation for grant. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Negative reply (31 August 1977) from Anglo-American to SASM grant request. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Drafted Constitution of Zoutpansberg Students' Organization. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Progress report by ZOSO, Zoutpansberg Student's Organization. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Notes: "Black Consciousness." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Document outlining policies including: Religion, Workers, Wages, Professionals, Trade Unions, Foreign Investments, and Government-Created Bodies. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter (8 July 1976) from Mzuvukile Maqetuka to the Secretary Organizer of SASM. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Presidential Speech of Mzuvukile Maqetuka. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
SSRC Reply to Slanderous Anonymous Pamphlet. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Press release by Gordon Sono, page 1. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter to "Steve," first page missing, from Sindiswa. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter (April 1976) from Mbuyisa to Tingo. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter (24 August 1976) to Sindisiwa. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Health card: Itumeleng Gwazela (Institute of Black Studies). Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Membership card belonging to Sindiswa Gwazela for Las Vegas Records. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Book: "No Name in the Street" by James Baldwin belonging to Sindiswa Gwazela. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Book: "No Name in the Street" by James Baldwin belonging to Sindiswa Gwazela. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter (24 November 1976) from Sindiswa Gwazela to Thabo: "I am not turning back." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Sindiswa Gwazela's notes: "You people are digging Vorster's grave." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Sindiswa Gwazela comments, July 1976. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Essay: "The Indigenous Agitator" by Gwazela. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter (27 February 1976) to Flo from Andy. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter (3 September 1976) to Sister Alice from Sindiswa Gwazela. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Essay: "South Africa Black Woman's Point of View" (by Nim Mkele? Sindiswa Gwazela's handwriting). Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Funding request (22 October 1977) to Robin Pelican from Nimrod Mkele for purpose of the formation of the Institute of Black Studies. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Sindiswa Gwazela's application for sales position with Crocker Agencies (6 July 1976), with reference to her age (28). Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Poem: "Weep Not," for Abraham Tiro (Gwazela's handwriting). Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Essay: "I am hurt but very hurt" (Gwazela). Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter (24 February 1976): to Sindiswa Gwazela from Tshedi Thale. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter (undated): from Sindiswa to "My darling.". Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter (September 1976): from Sindiswa to "Darling Myanisa." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter (9 September 1976): from Sindiswa to Mama Mama'M. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter (9 September 1976): from Sindiswa to "My Darling Baby." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Letter (9 September 1976): Gwazela to Nombulelo. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Printed flier: "A Call to the Black Religious Community in Behalf of Justice in Southern Africa." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
Police document (24 November 1976): inventory of property seized from Gwazela. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 413
My Thoughts. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Notes confiscated from Masabatha Loate, about Bantu Education and Andrew Young's visit. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Handwritten note (press release for The World newspaper) about U.S. Ambassador Andrew Young's visit to South Africa. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Brown envelope with inventory of documents seized during Masabatha Loate's arrest. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Open Letter to Soweto Parents about the SSRC by Concerned Soweto Parents. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Notes" "Critics on a Blackman!!" Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Handwritten notes for speech: "The Suffering of One Black Man." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Handwritten notes for speech (?): "Bantu Education Can Be Changed." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Notes for speech/statement on the solidarity call for December 16, 1976 (6 months after the beginning of the Uprising). Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Notes for speech/statement on the solidarity call for December 16, 1976 (6 months after the beginning of the Uprising). Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Notebook, possibly Daniel Sechaba's, some pages loose, others clearly carbon copied, handwritten statement in reaction to rent increase. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Handwritten notes in notebook for responses to World newspaper articles on SSRC reaction to the stoning of UBC buildings, UBC, and rent increases: "We Categorically Reject." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Pages from notebook (17 May 1977), SSRC thank yous to Soweto students and residents for helping secure the release of SSRC members Thabo Ndabeni and Khotso Lengane. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Pages from notebook. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Pages from notebook. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Pages from notebook. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Pamphlet, identified as SASM pamphlet in inventory: "Black Women and the Legal Monster That Rules Their Lives." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Loate papers: "SSRC Fact Finding Mission." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Loate papers: handwritten sheet, identified as "Toespraak en handskrif Teboho Nsomezulu" [speech and handwriting of Teboho Nsomezulu]. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Notebook, handwritten notes about weekend symposium held at The World's offices, with JCL Strydom, about school and education issues: "Notebook Student Participation at Education Symposium." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Notebook page, distrusting Brigadier Jan Visser. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Notebook: "Skipping the Border." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Notebook, miscellaneous thoughts: "SSRC Meeting etc." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Pages from notebook, solidarity with evictions: "SSRC Exclusively to Our Oppressed Brothers - Introspection." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Two pages, handwritten, address to students outside of Soweto: "To Outside Students." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Speech, handwritten: "Solidarity." Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 436
Photograph inventory. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 440
S. D. Booysen, police notebook. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 416
Letter (25 June 1978) to police from Daniel Montsisi refusing to "reconsider" his earlier unwillingness to assist with a police investigation. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 416
Flier issued by SSRC to mark anniversary of June 16, with procedure on before and after June 16. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 416
Flier issued by SSRC to call for stay-away, November 1976: "Azikhwelwa" [we will not ride]. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 416
Copy of DSCN3026: SSRC flier for anniversary of June 16. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 416
SSRC flier: "June 16th, Students Day". Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 416
Pamphlet: "History of SSRC and Student Leaders," published in remembrance of Steven Biko. Source: Civil Case WLD 6857 (1977), Vol. 416
Two pages, handwritten. Second page seems to be an address to students outside of Soweto: "To Outside Students"
Speech, handwritten: "Solidarity"
Kleingeld testimony
Kleingeld testimony
Morobe testimony
Antionette Musi Police Statement
Mokoena testimony before the Cillié Commission
Mokoena testimony before the Cillié Commission