Notes:
Note 1: Pierre Broué, Staline et la révolution: le cas espagnol (Paris: Fayard, 1993), 23. Back.
Note 2: Anglo-American historians, who often lead the field in Iberian studies, have produced no contributions to the literature on Russo-Spanish relations before the Revolution. The more important Spanish- and Russian-language studies include: M. A. Dodolev, Rossiia i Ispaniia, 1808-1823 (Moscow: Nauka, 1984); Manuel Espadas Burgos, ed., Corpus diplomático Hispano-Ruso (1667-1799), vol. I (Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, 1991); L. F. Il'ichev and S. P. Pozharskaia, et al., eds., Rossiia i Ispaniia: Dokumenty i materialy, 1667-1917, vol. I, 1667-1799, (Moscow: Mezhdunarodnie Otnosheniia, 1991); S. P. Pozharskaia, Rossiia i Ispaniia: Istoricheskaia retrospektiva (Moscow: Akademiia Nauk SSSR, 1987); Ana Maria Schop Soler, Die Spanische-Russischen Beziehungen im 18. Jahrhundert (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1970); Schop Soler, Las relaciones entre España y Rusia en la época de Carlos IV (Barcelona: Cátedra de Historia General de España, 1971); Schop Soler, Un siglo de relaciones diplomáticas y comerciales entre España y Rusia, 1733-1833 (Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, 1984); Jaume Olives,"Juan Valera en San Petersburgo," Historia y Vida 75 (Fall 1994): 64-69; and C. Dotres Pelaz, "Los primeros españoles en San Petersburgo," Historia y Vida 75 (Fall 1994): 46-62. On cultural ties in the nineteenth century, a useful starting point is Jose Fernándo Sánchez, Viajeros rusos por la España del siglo XIX (Madrid: Editorial El Museo Universal, 1985). Back.
Note 3: Letter from NKID (People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs) to VOKS (Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries), ? Dec. 1937, State Archive of the Russian Federation (hereafter, GARF), f. 5283, op. 3, del. 1015, ll. 5-6. Back.
Note 4: Ibid. See also Pelaz, "Los primeros españoles en San Petersburgo." Back.
Note 5: Ivan Maisky, Spanish Notebooks (London: Hutchinson, 1966), 18. The same misinformed view is presented in the lightweight work by Oleg Sarin and Lev Dvoretsky, Alien Wars: The Soviet Union's Aggressions Against the World, 1919-1989 (Novato, CA: Presidio, 1996). The authors claim "neither tsarist Russia nor the Soviets after 1917 had anything like close ties with Spain" (2). Back.
Note 6: NKID report of 25 Nov. 1918. Dokumenty Vneshnei Politiki SSSR (Moscow: Izdat. politicheskoi literatury, 1977), vol. I, 578; (hereafter, DVP SSSR.) The history of Russo-Spanish diplomacy on the eve of and during the October Revolution awaits its investigators. The Foreign Ministry archive in Madrid is as yet untapped, though section H 2650 contains scores of situation reports from the Petrograd embassy. Back.
Stalin and the Spanish Civil War
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