Appendix 4B. Supplemental Materials: Example of colonial modes of caste typing

The three top photographs were taken by Seargent Wallace, R.E. in northern India, and appear in William Crooke's The Tribes and Castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Calcutta, 1896. They are labeled (left to right), "Brahmin Pandit," "Chamars," and "Mallah." The photographs at the bottom are prints from the Cambridge University Museum of Archeology and Anthropology. The captions there read, "Indian/? Tamil/Dancing Girl/Kallar."

These photographs are emblematic of the wide-spread practice "caste typing" that British officials engaged in throughout India in the nineteenth century.

From C.A. Bayly ed., The Raj: India and the British 1600-1947, National Portrait Gallery Publications, London, 1990, p. 293.